TYPES OF SAMPLE
1) Top sample :- Drawn not more than 15 cm below the top surface of the tank.
2)Middle sample:- Drawn at the level of mid depth of product below the top surface.
3)Bottom sample:- Drawn not more than 15 cm above the bottom of tank.
4) Upper sample:- Drawn at the level 1/6 of the depth of product below the top surface in the tank.
5)Lower sample:- Drawn at a level 5/6 of depth of product below the top surface in the tank.
6) All level sample:- Drawn by submerging cocked sample graber upto draw of level in the tank then opening and raising uniformily so that it is nearly filled.
IMPORTANT TESTS
1) DENSITY
2) FLASH POINT
3) DISTILLATION
4) KINEMATIC VISCOSITY
5) POUR POINT
6) Sulphur test
7) VISUAL APPEARANCE / COLOR / WATER
1) Density Test:-
ISI MARKED M-50 TYPE HYDROMETERS OF VARYING RANGES I.E. 0.650-0.700, 0.700-0.750, 0.750-0.800, 0.800-0.850, 0.850-0.900, ARE SUITABLE
SAMPLE SHOULD BE TAKEN IN A 500 ML CLEAR GLASS CYLINDER
USING ASTM TABLE, DENSITY VALUE CAN BE CONVERTED TO 15 DEG.C
MENISCUS CORRECTION AS 0.0014 SHOULD ALWAYS BE ADDED TO 15 DEG. DENSITY FOR BLACK OILS
FOR MS AND HSD, PERMITTED DENSITY VARIATION IS +/- 0.0030 G/ML AND FOR IOC PREMIUM AND DIESEL SUPER, IT IS +/- 0.0025 G/ML.
Permissible values
MS 710.0 – 770.0 (Kg/m3)
HSD 820.0 – 860.0 (Kg/m3)
2) Flash point:-
Flash Point is the lowest temperature, at which application of test flame causes the vapour of the sample to ignite under specified conditions of test. The sample is understood to have flashed when a large flame appears and instantaneously propagates itself over the surface of the sample.
Flash Point can indicate the presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively non-volatile or non-flammable material.
Actual values
MS :- -47 deg
HSD :- 42 deg
SKO :- 35 deg
ATF :- 38 deg
3) Distillation test:-
This test is used to determine the volatility characteristics of various petroleum fuels i.e. gasoline, Kerosine, high speed diesel, AV Gas and ATF
Volatility characteristics of petroleum fuels are indicative of performance in their intended applications i.e. easy start up, smooth acceleration, maximum power out put and mileage etc.
4) Viscosity test :-
Viscosity of a fluid is the a measure of its resistance to flow.
Viscosity of a fuel is important primarily because of it’s effect on the handling of the fuel by the pump & Injector system.
Kinematic viscosity is the product of time of flow of liquid under gravity with the calibration constant of glass capillary viscometer at a fixed temperature. The unit for KV is Centi Stokes
The kinematic viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for flow properties of fuels through pipelines, injection nozzles and orifices. It also guides about fuel temperature range for most efficient operation in boilers and furnaces.
5) Pour point test:-
The lowest temperature at which A PRODUCT CEASES TO FLOW. IT IS EXPRESSED AS MULTIPLE OF 3 DC The Pour Point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of its application.
6) Apearance test:-
This is done just by visually inspecting various products.
TEST REQUIRED FOR VARIOUS PRODUCTS:-
MS – Appearance, Colour, Density, Distillation.
HSD – Appearance, Colour, Density, Flash Point, KV , Sulphur.
SKO – Appearance, Colour, Density, Flash Point.
Terminals and Depot 